J Phycol 4:283-298 Edwards MR, Gantt E (1971) Phycobilisomesof the thermophilic bluegreen alga, Synechococcus lividus. Within eukaryotic algae, a recent paper has begun to make inroads into understanding potential globin roles in nitrogen metabolism (Hemschemeier et al., 2013). G. Schäfer, in Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry (Second Edition), 2013. They also occur in hot springs (e.g., Synechococcus lividus and live at pH 4 and 70°C). The smtA structural gene is located next to, and divergently transcribed from, another gene, smtB, which encodes a metal-responsive regulator (Huckle et al., 1993). Below the mixed layer, cell concentrations rapidly decline. J.R. Bowyer, R.C. [18] α-cyanobacteria were defined to contain a form IA, while β-cyanobacteria were defined to contain a form IB of this gene. [6] Cluster 2 also is characterized by low salt tolerance. Interestingly, peroxynitrite, which results from the combination of nitric oxide with the superoxide anion, is thought to participate in signalling in plants through tyrosine nitration (Vandelle & Delledonne, 2011). [20] Assuming average cellular carbon concentrations, it has thus been estimated that Prochlorococcus accounts for at least 22 times more carbon in these waters, thus may be of much greater significance to the global carbon cycle than Synechococcus. Ferredoxin serves as reductant for NADP+, thus generating reducing equivalents for the cell. Jun Minagawa, in The Chlamydomonas Sourcebook, 2009. Unusually pigmented transformants were characterized, resulting in the isolation and sequencing of crtQ (formerly zds), a gene whose product allowed the in vivo synthesis of lycopene from ζ-carotene and neurosporene, but not from phytoene (Figure 3).41,93. ASM275493v1 Organism: Synechococcus lividus PCC 6715 (cyanobacteria) Submitter: Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School Date: 2017/11/06 Assembly level: Complete Genome Genome representation: full RefSeq category: representative genome Relation to type material: assembly from type material GenBank assembly accession: GCA_002754935.1 (latest) RefSeq assembly accession: … Chlorophyll was determined according to (7). smtA transcription is induced in the presence of several metals including zinc, copper, cadmium, cobalt, nickel, lead, chromium, and mercury, with all metals showing increased abundance of smtA transcript in the presence of 1–5 μM metal (Huckle et al., 1993). The green bands resulting after centrifugation were collected either by use of a syringe or a fractionator. This adds an additional unexpected complexity to metal-regulated expression of smtA. According to Dixon’s postulates (Dixon, 1972), H2 utilization in cyanobacteria (in heterocyst) is associated with (i) removal of O2 via the respiratory oxyhydrogen (Knallgas) reaction, (ii) regain of ATP lost in H2 production during nitrogenase catalysis, and (iii) removal/recycling of H2 to prevent the deleterious effects on nitrogenase activity. Gregory Armstrong, in Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry, 1999. They show that artificially engineered ATP consumption through a pathway modification can drive this reaction forward and enables the direct photosynthetic production of 1-butanol from cyanobacterial S. elongatus PCC 7942. Between P700 and FeSX, two Chl molecules in symmetrical positions about the twofold axis and close to P700 are assumed to be accessory Chl molecules equivalent to those present in the bacterial reaction center. Since the hli genes are transiently expressed under various stress conditions, they were proposed to be involved in high-light acclimation (Dolganov et al., 1995). 10.1097/00004032-198709000-00007 [ PubMed ] [ Cross Ref ] Synechococcus abundance is given on the z-axis by color gradient (N.B. C9, both originally isolated from a hot spring hab- Reproduction was simple and proceeded through detachment and growth of parental buds. Also, two particular bicarbonate transport systems appear to only be found in α-cyanobacteria, which lack carboxysomal carbonic anhydrases. Coronavirus: Find the latest articles and preprints [20] Factors such as grazing, viral mortality, genetic variability, light adaptation, and temperature, as well as nutrients are certainly involved, but remain to be investigated on a rigorous and global scale. 7. reproduction of this thesis should be referred to University Microform International, 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, ... absent was the sequence of Synechococcus lividus, the cyanobacterium believed to construct the mat. Fig. This strain was obtained from the Pasteur culture collection (PCC6717). [6] The last cluster contains what had previously been referred to as ‘marine A and B clusters’ of Synechococcus. The mixture was incubated for 5 min at 0°C, and centrifuged at 100 000 x g for 1 hr. In cyanobacteria, factors like availability of Ni, O2 (anaerobiosis), H2, and combined nitrogen regulate the formation of hupSL transcripts which may proceed in parallel with heterocyst formation (Happe et al., 2000; Weyman et al., 2008; Holmqvist et al., 2009). The b6f-complex is functionally and structurally analogous to the bc1 complex. No effect on expression was seen for any metal using a fusion of lacZ to the smtB gene. Carotenoids are found universally among the Chl a- and Chl b-containing oxygenic photosynthetic cyanobacteria.5,14 Typical pigments accumulated include β-carotene, the cyclic xanthophylls ech- inenone (β,β-caroten-4-one), canthaxanthin (β,β-carotene-4,4′-dione), zeaxanthin, and the cyclic xanthophyll glycoside myxoxanthophyll (2′-(β-l-rhamnopyranosyloxy)-3,4′-didehydro,1′,2′- dihydro-β,ψ-carotene-3,1′-diol), which contains a rhamnose sugar moiety. Only two other cysteine residues are found in SmtB, one near the amino terminus at position 14 and the other at the carboxyl terminus at position 121. Meeks and Castenholz's work (9) regarding light intensity effects on the growth of the extreme thermophile Synechococcus Lividus showed the cultures appeared to be light saturated above 400 ft-c at 55°C, 550 ft-c at 65°C and 1700 ft-c at 68°C. [13] In addition Synechococcus also contains zeaxanthin but no diagnostic pigment for this organism is known. Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Synechococcus strain PCC 7942 synthesizes a metallothionein-like protein, SmtA (Olafson et al., 1988). 1. Arrangement of the structural elements of the PSI core complex of Synechococcus sp., based on the X-ray crystal structure. Arch Mikrobiol 49:267-274 Edwards MR, Berns DS, Ghiorse WC, Holt SC (1968) Ultrastructure of the thermophilic blue-green alga, Synechococcus lividus Copeland. An N-terminal twin-arginine signal peptide and a hydrophobic motif found in bacterial system, are essential for the translocation and anchorage of uptake hydrogenases to the membrane, however, such motifs are found absent in cyanobacterial hupSL operon. Iron-sulfur clusters are represented by red spheres. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123723604500341, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0065266008603107, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124076938000066, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780080912837000473, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123786302002073, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B0122270800002305, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780123708731000228, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780122146749500035, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128146675000210, URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128146675000088, PREPARATION OF OXYGEN-EVOLVING PHOTOSYSTEM II PARTICLES FROM A THERMOPHILIC BLUE-GREEN ALGA1, The Oxygen Evolving System of Photosynthesis, Regulation of Bacterial Gene Expression by Metals, David J. Westenberg, Mary Lou Guerinot, in, Microbial Globins - Status and Opportunities, Eric A. Johnson, Juliette T.J. Lecomte, in, Isoprenoids Including Cartenoids and Steroids, Membrane-Associated Energy Transduction in Bacteria and Archaea, Encyclopedia of Biological Chemistry (Second Edition), Figure kindly provided by Dr P. Fromme, and based on, Cyanobacterial Bioenergy and Biofuels Science and Technology: A Scientometric Overview, Nitrogenase and Hydrogenase: Enzymes for Nitrogen Fixation and Hydrogen Production in Cyanobacteria, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics. The complete phylogenetic tree of 16S rRNA sequences of Synechococcus revealed at least 12 groups, which morphologically correspond to Synechococcus, but they have not derived from the common ancestor. Whether peroxynitrite chemistry is relevant to globins in photosynthetic microbes is a possibility that has not been explored. The crtB (formerly psy or pys) homologues of Synechococcus PCC794233 and Synechocystis PCC680334 (Table 2) were identified because they are physically adjacent on the chromosome to the respective crtP genes of these cyanobacteria.39,40 Despite this bit of serendipity, a feature that generally distinguishes cyanobacteria from other carotenogenic prokaryotes is the chromosomal dispersal of the crt genes. With the use of various deletion fragments of the smtA promoter/operator as competitor DNA in mobility shift reactions, it was suggested that the direct repeat, not the inverted repeat, is involved in SmtB binding (Morby et al., 1993). Therefore, two alternative approaches involving selection of mutants and screening for pigmentation changes in a heterologous host have been taken to isolate cyanobacterial crt genes. His group at Notre Dame University achieved the first reproduction in germ-free animals. Hiroyuki Koike, Yorinao Inoue, in The Oxygen Evolving System of Photosynthesis, 1983. 5 ml were taken from the middle of the One clear fact about smtA expression is that SmtB is responsible for repressing transcription at the smtA promoter, and this repression is relieved in the presence of metals (Erbe et al., 1995; Huckle et al., 1993; Morby et al., 1993). However, in vivo footprinting demonstrates that SmtB binds to each of two inverted repeats in an apparently multimeric fashion, consistent with the multiple bands observed in mobility shirt assays (Erbe et al., 1995). This can definitely be tied to the wealth of available structural and ligand-binding information. s−1 white light with 3% CO2”[12] (Racharaks et al, 2019). The reaction center PS-II is an H2O:plastoquinone oxidoreductase and couples the reduction of the primary e−-donor, the special pair of chlorophylls, to the oxidation of water by a Mn-enzyme associated with PS-II at the periplasmic surface. [16] This strain contains phycoerthrin and was first isolated from the intertidal zone in Puerto Peñasco, Mexico. Oxygen evolution was measured in a Rank oxygen electrode illuminated with the light beam passed through a Toshiba VY-54 orange filter from a 300 W projector lamp. KAIC negatively regulates its own gene, providing the basic feedback loop and KAIA enhances kaiB and kaiC expression, thereby stabilizing the oscillation. Synechococcus is one of the most important components of the prokaryotic autotrophic picoplankton in the temperate to tropicaloceans. Well at relatively low light intensities ( equivalent to genera ) based on morphology,,... Cm synechococcus lividus reproduction heat filter was placed in the Oxygen Evolving System of,... Cyanobacterial ) rbcL mRNA membranes and bind carotenoids ( he et al., 2008 ) of. Pathway into Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 synthesizes a metallothionein-like protein, SmtA ( Olafson al.. 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