Yoshimitsu 足利義満 (+1358 … ca. Die Ashikaga regierten eine Koalition mächtiger Vasallen von fragwürdiger Stabilität. This period ended when Oda Nobunaga entered Kyoto in 1573 and started ruling Japan. Asuka-Zeit – Regarding Shinto, Kanetomo YOSHIDA created a fusion of religions known as Yoshida Shinto. Renga masters like Sogi, Yoshimoto NIJO, Socho and Shinkei appeared, and daimyo as well as nobles began to gather at temples and shrines for renga parties. The classification of the Pure Land, Zen, and Nichiren movements as Kamakura Buddhism occurred largely in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. Kamakura-Zeit – Commoner culture during the Muromachi periodThe Muromachi period can be described as the era in which, thanks to the establishment of the soson (peasant villages) and the development and growth of urban areas, the cultural mantle passed to commoners. Azuchi-Momoyama-Zeit (Nanban-Handel) – In 1192 CE Yoritomo selected Kamakura as the new capital of the Kamakura Shogunate with the imperial court still residing at Heinakyo (Kyoto). 1333 – Am Ende lag Kyōto ebenso wie die zentralstaatliche Ordnung in Trümmern. After Godaigo's death (in 1339) the Southern Court's power and influence waned, but internecine strife within the Ashikaga family led to the Kanno Disturbance, which eventually widened in scope to engulf the entire country, and this brought the Southern Court a reprieve, revitalizing it. But when Yoshioki OUCHI was forced to return to his home provinces due to unrest there, Takakuni took Yoshiharu ASHIKAGA, the orphan son of Yoshizumi, who had died in exile, and raised him up as the new Shogun, defeating the combined armies of Yoshitane and Sumimoto. Japanisches Kaiserreich (Meiji, Taishō, Vorkriegs-Shōwa) – Once again, it was Nobunaga that quelled the Ikko Ikki (popular religious uprisings) and dismantled the Jinaicho. In den unruhigen Zeiten der Kemmu-Restauration war viel Macht an die lokalen Herrscher abgeflossen. 1868 – He was assassinated by members of his own family over who would be chosen as his successor. "In actuality, the term 'bakufu' to indicate a military government had not yet been established during this period, meaning that no one during the Muromachi period actually called the Muromachi government the "Muromachi bakufu. The particular species of Zen diat is said to have produced and fostered these arts is the Rinzai Zen developed by Muso at the beginning of the Muromachi Period (1336–1573) when Zen first became a pervasive influence in the cultural history of Japan. Unter dem achten Ashikaga-Shōgun Yoshimasa (1443–1473) brach das politische System dann zusammen. Economy and society of the Muromachi periodAgricultureAgricultural production began to increase starting in the Kamakura period. HandicraftsAs farmers made progress towards political independence, artisans also were freed from the control of the imperial court--which had dominated their livelihoods until this point--and achieved independence, leading to the general proliferation of handicrafts and the establishment of markets. The Muromachi Period in Japan was characterized by political rivalaries that frequently led to wars, but also by an extraordinary flourishing of Japanese culture. This only caused Yoshimasa to lose what little interest he had left in politics, prompting him suddenly to relinquish the position of Shogun to Yoshihisa and retire, but the conflict between the two armies continued, and even after the successive natural deaths by illness of each army's supreme commanders, Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and Sozen YAMANA, the various daimyo did not withdraw their forces. The Japanese contact with the Ming dynasty (1368–1644) began when China was renewed during the Muromachi period after the Chinese sought support in suppressing Japanese pirates in coastal areas of China. The view that the Sengoku period began with the Onin War was the dominant one for a long time, but recently the view holding that the Sengoku period began with the Meio Coup has become more prevalent. Jetzt traten die Differenzen zwischen den Kriegsherren und dem Kaiser deutlich hervor. The Nichiren sect started to spread in urban areas while the monk Nisshin began proselytizing work in Kyoto, and the townspeople combined forces into large groups of believers and struggling with the secular Doikki (land-based bands of peasants). But the new Shogun, Yoshihisa, died of illness while still young, and his retired father Yoshimasa devoted his remaining years to construction projects at Jisho-ji Temple, notably the building known as Ginkaku (the Silver Pavilion), focusing his attention entirely on the world of artistic endeavor (and indeed, Yoshimasa's patronage of the arts became the foundation of the flourishing artistic culture of the Higashiyama area, and no one can deny he had a profound influence on later developments in Japanese culture. In 1336, Takauji ASHIKAGA, in opposition to the Southern Court of Emperor Godaigo, created the Northern Court and formed the Muromachi bakufu. It was from this time that Japanese pirates, known as "Wako," in western Japan began raiding the coasts of Korea and China. In diesem Bestreben ernannte er seinen Sohn Morinaga zum Shōgun und belohnte Angehörige des Hofadels mit Titeln und Lehen. But in his later years he was robbed of any actual power by his chief retainer Hisahide MATSUNAGA, and died of illness soon after. Furthermore, Yoshinori defeated the Kubo (Commander) of Kamakura, Mochiuji ASHIKAGA, who had rebelled against the bakufu, in the Eikyo Rebellion, and the remnants of his faction in the Yuki War, thereby ridding the country of any force that could openly strike down the Ashikaga Shogun, at first glance restoring peace and stability to society. In terms of culinary culture, the Muromachi period saw the emergence of many of the most important and iconic staples of Japanese cuisine, including miso paste, soy sauce, and tofu. Sakai, a representative example of the free cities in the medieval period, was rated by missionaries in some surviving accounts as 'the Venice of the East,' and continued its autonomy until it was later forced to capitulate to Nobunaga ODA. Muromachi 室町 . History of Japan Kinkaku ji Paleolithic 35,000–14,000 BC Jōmon period 14,000–300 BC Yayoi period 300 B Since then, Buddhism has coexisted with Japan's native Shinto religion, in what is today known as Shinbutsu-shūg ō. Die Geschichte des Buddhismus (jap. .mw-parser-output .Hani{font-size:110%}室町時代, Muromachi jidai; etwa 1336–1573), auch als Ashikaga-Zeit bezeichnet, ist ein Zeitabschnitt in der japanischen Geschichte. 300 v. u. Japan's relations with KoreaDiplomatic relations and trade between Japan and the Korean royal dynastyYoshimitsu ASHIKAGA brings the Wako under control and begins dealings with Korea. However, Harumoto's murder of the meritorious retainer Motonaga MIYOSHI, who had climbed to the highest rungs of power within the government, had a profound backlash in later years. Following Yoshihisa's death, the position of Shogun passed to Yoshimi's son Yoshitane (more commonly known as "Yoshiki") ASHIKAGA, but when Masamoto, who was embroiled in a conflict with Yoshiki, struck down the former Kanrei Masanaga HATAKEYAMA, who was allied with Yoshiki, the Meio Coup began; Yoshiki was driven into exile and Yoshizumi ASHIKAGA was installed as the new Shogun. But eventually, Nobunaga, who aimed to create a new system of government consistent with his motto of 'Tenka fubu' (warriors rule all under heaven), and Yoshiaki, who was trying to revitalize the old system of Shogun and bakufu, were bound to become enemies, and in 1573 Yoshiaki was driven out of Kyoto by Nobunaga, and with this, the bakufu system was dismantled and absorbed into a new governmental system created by Nobunaga. The power and influence of ethnic Japanese (wajin) in Ezo (modern-day Hokkaido) began to spread, leading to a clash with the native inhabitants, the Ainu people. The Ashikaga shogunate was established when Ashikaga Takauji proclaimed himself Shōgun after overthrowing the Kenmu Restoration shortly after … Thereafter, while in Yoshimitsu's time the country was pacified, following the Onin War the entire country became engulfed in strife (the Sengoku period) and as the shoen-koryo system fell apart, a new system came into existence to replace it. Scholars then began to identify Kamakura times as a period of significant and lasting change in Japanese religion. During this period Kinkauji, ginkakuji and Ryoanji in addition to a number of zen gardens were built in Kyoto. Pilgrimages to sacred sites devoted to Kannon Bosatsu, to the Ise Shinto shrines, and to the top of Mt. Despite being a period of continuous warfare and turmoil, both domestic and overseas trade flourished, and significant technological advances were made in both agriculture and industry. Within Jisho-ji Temple, the room called the Togudo Dojinsai was a four and a half tatami mat room; it is in what has been called early shoinzukuri-style, and is a prototypical example of Japanese-style architecture. Motonobu KANO blended techniques for both ink and yamato-e (classical Japanese-themed) painting, founding what would become known to later generations as the Kano school of painting. Die verbündeten Kriegerverbände erhielten eine Entschädigung, die ihnen jedoch unangemessen erschien. Muromachi redirects here. International relations of Japan in the Muromachi period (4 C, 1 F) M Military history of Japan (36 C, 36 F) P People of Muromachi period (23 C, 70 F) Media in category "Muromachi period" The following 40 files are in this category, out of 40 total. Go-Daigos erste Rebellion im Jahr 1331 war durch die Truppen des Shōguns niedergeschlagen, er selbst auf die Insel Oki verbannt worden. Muromachi Zen in the history of Japanese Buddhism. Dieser war Regierungssitz der Ashikaga. Go-Daigo und seine Anhänger verschanzten sich in der Yoshino bei Nara und hielten am Anspruch auf die Kaiserwürde fest. Die Muromachi-Zeit überschneidet sich mit der Zeit der streitenden Reiche ab 1477, einem fast 100 Jahre währenden Kriegszustand ohne zentrale Ordnung, an dessen Ende der letzte Ashikaga-Shōgun Ashikaga Yoshiaki 1573 abgesetzt wurde. ). Jōmon-Zeit – However, the armed conflict that began in the Onin War spread out to more rural areas and continued even after the fighting petered out in the capital, and in Kanto, the Kyotoku Incident extended the bloodshed for almost ten additional years after the Onin War ended. Aufstände und eine Finanzmisere schwächten das Shōgunat. The forms of Buddhism in Japan may be subsumed under three broad schools: (1) the Holy Way (shodo), represented by the Kegon Sect of the Nara Period (710-794) and the Tendai and Shingon Sects of the later Heian Period (794-1185); (2) the Pure Land (jodo), originated by Genshin in the middle of the Heian Period and … Jisho-ji (Ginkaku-ji) Temple, which Yoshimasa had built, is a combination of Zen Buddhist with shoinzukuri-style architecture. The Muromachi period brought several additions to the local attractions of Japan, the most important probably being the famous Kinkakuji, the Golden Temple, in Kyoto, ordered by the Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu. Many aspects of Japanese culture today considered iconic of Japan, including the tea ceremony, Noh theater, and shoinzukuri (a traditional Japanese architectural style) were created during this period. Das entspricht etwa 0,29 Prozent aller Seitenbesuche. The Kanpaku (chief imperial advisor) Kaneyoshi ICHIJO moved into the household of the Asakura clan in Echizen Province, while his son settled permanently in Nakamura of Tosa Province, thereby founding the Tosa branch of the ICHIJO clan. Religious and philosophical developmentsZen Buddhism spread widely among the warrior class, and influenced the development of Muromachi culture vis-a-vis the decisions and so forth regarding Buddhism made by the Gozan temples--which were under the patronage of the military families--and thereby managed to combine warrior and aristocratic culture together. The period ended in 1573 … What distinguished the Ashikaga bakufu from that of Kamakura was that, whereas Kamakura had existed in equilibrium with the Kyōto court, Ashikaga took over the remnants of the imperial … As is well-known by now, Wikipedia entries can vary in quality from uninformed amateurish efforts to polished professional pieces. Architecture and gardensIn terms of architectural design, Rokuon-ji (Kinkaku-ji) Temple, which Yoshimitsu had built in the Kitayama region of Kyoto, was a blend of palatial Heian style and Zen Buddhist style architecture, and as such is an excellent example of Kitayama culture. "The Gozan temples enjoyed the patronage of the bakufu, and in fact served as advisors and diplomats for Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA in the trade between Japan and Ming China. Muromachi Period Tea (1338-1573) During the Muromachi period (1338–1573) the vogue for Chinese art, especially among the Ashikaga shoguns, who ruled as the military leaders of Japan during this period, led to the development of new architectural environments in which to display collections of tea-related objects. Taking advantage of the fact that the capital, Kyoto, lay in ruins as a result of Onin War, culture began to spread out into the provinces, and even disseminated down to the commoners, who had been advancing socially thanks to the development and growth of soson (peasant villages) and new urban areas in the provinces. Regarding the tea ceremony, the tocho (tea leaf contests) and cha yoriai (tea parties) held in the Northern and Southern Court period developed, thanks to Shuko MURATA, into wabicha (a tea ceremony characterized by an affecting rusticity and simplicity) in the Higashiyama period, which was perfected by Sen no Rikyu in the Sengoku period. However, the revival of the old imperial offices under the Kemmu restoration (1334) did not last for long because the old administration system was out of date and practice, and incompetent officials failed gaining the support of … Edo-Zeit (Bakumatsu) – "The Muromachi Period in Japanese History" published on 04 Nov 1981 by Brill. Religion . Starting in the latter half of the fifteenth century, with the Onin War and the Meio Coup, a roughly hundred-year era known as the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States) began; during this period, the bakufu-daimyo system in place up until this point collapsed, and all the various provinces essentially became independent states unto themselves, while the shoen-koryo (private estates and public territory) system of land ownership disintegrated. Noh theater and Kyogen (Noh farce)Kanami and his son Motokiyo ZEAMI, who both enjoyed the patronage of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, were able to take the Sarugaku (a style of comedy) and Dengaku (a musical, rhythmic ritual dancing concerned with rice) that had existed from the Kamakura period and perfect them into Noh theater. So concluded the participants in the 1973 Conference on Japan. These measures were in response to the discontent felt by many warriors toward the policies, which heavily favored the nobility, enacted by Yoshimitsu in his final years. When Yoshinori ASHIKAGA, the head priest of Enryakuji on Mt. Das Ashikaga-Shōgunat verlegte den Regierungssitz von Kamakura nach Kyōto. Products included everyday items, farming tools, textiles, and paper. Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA did temporarily halt trade with China, but was resumed by Yoshinori ASHIKAGA. The Muromachi period was thus a time of prolonged civil unrest, remarkable social fluidity, and creativity. Land-based trade relied on ground transportation traders like bashaku (who used packhorses) and shashaku (who used carriages), while sea-based trade was dependent on monmaru (shipping agents), relay traders who utilized light trading vessels to transport goods or items sold via consignment. Stadtteil in Kyōto; Sitz des Ashikaga Shōgunats 1336–1573 (= Muromachi-Zeit) Ort, Geschichte WaDoku • • • Verwandte Seiten. Nobunaga worked to provoke a controversy between the monks of the Nichiren and Jodo sects (which came to be known as the Azuchi religious dispute). In Kyoto in the 14th and 15th century, a new kind of garden designed to stimulate meditation … The religious establishment at Hongan-ji Temple, which had been revived by Rennyo, of the Jodo Shinshu (True Pure Land sect), began to form large groups of laymen followers, called (Buddhist) "lecture meetings," and after the Onin War, these groups rivaled the Sengoku daimyo, who had supplanted the shugo daimyo, in strength; they began to be referred to as the Ikko sect, and united by faith, fell into opposition with the power and influence of the shugo daimyo. The ensuing period of Ashikaga rule (1336-1573) was called Muromachi for the district in which its headquarters were in Kyōto after the third shogun Ashikaga Yoshimitsu established his residence in 1378. Thus, it is typical for one person or family to … Die Macht lag fortan in den Händen der Ashikaga. Als Go-Daigo 1332 aus der Haft auf Oki freikam, waren diese Verbände bereit, ihn zu unterstützen. Thereafter, using the fact that Yoshiaki had never officially been dismissed from the post of Seii taishogun as a pretext, movements did arise in various provinces to restore the bakufu to power, but against the momentum of the new governmental structure created by Nobunaga and Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI, such efforts were entirely fruitless, and so the Muromachi bakufu--and the Muromachi period itself--is considered to have ended at the point Yoshiaki was driven from Kyoto. Im Zuge der Kemmu-Restauration versuchte er nun die Kaiserherrschaft wieder zu etablieren. The forms of Buddhism in Japan may be subsumed under three broad schools: (I) the Holy Way (shodo), represented by the Kegon Sect of the Nara Period (7io-. Japan - Japan - Religion: The indigenous religion of Japan, Shintō, coexists with various sects of Buddhism, Christianity, and some ancient shamanistic practices, as well as a number of “new religions” (shinkō shukyō) that have emerged since the 19th century. Die Muromachi-Zeit überschneidet sich mit der Zeit der streitenden Reiche ab 1477, einem fast 100 Jahre währenden Kriegszustand ohne zentrale Ordnung, an desse… Among the common people, the Soto school of Zen Buddhism flourished. In 1536 the Nichiren sect came into conflict with Enryaku-ji Temple on Mt. The Ashikaga shogunate (足利幕府, Ashikaga bakufu, 1336–1573), also known as the Muromachi shogunate (室町幕府, Muromachi bakufu), was the feudal military government of Japan during the Muromachi period from 1338 to 1573.. Plants that served as the raw materials in handicraft industries, including sesame, mulberry, and paper mulberry (kaji), also started to be cultivated. Moreover, somewhat ironically, the very daimyo that had begun by making light of the Shogun's authority found that when that shogunal authority was truly lost, their own authority and sovereignty as shugo (governors) vanished, and many were overthrown by their deputies or by commoners from their provinces in the phenomenon known as gekokujo (the lower overthrowing the higher); worse yet, peasant uprisings and religious leagues, of which the Kaga Ikko Ikki (a religious league of commoners in Kaga) and a similar Ikki in Yamashiro Province are representative examples, began to threaten the lords' control over their lands. The 'Jinno shotoki' (Record of the Imperial Succession) was a work written by Chikafusa KITABATAKE and argues for the legitimacy of the Southern Court line of succession, that it was unbroken since the age of myth, in an attempt to drum up support for the Southern Court in the Kanto; in later times, it was to have a powerful influence on ideologues trying to promote a historiographic view of Japan as divine and Emperor-centered. Unter der Herrschaft von Ashikaga Yoshimitsu (1358–1408) gelangte das Ashikaga-Shōgunat zu seiner größten Macht. The period from the reign of Yoshinori ASHIKAGA to the Onin WarAlthough Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA had succeeded in unifying the two courts and solidifying the central power and authority of the bakufu, after his sudden death, the country returned to the old oligarchic daimyo system, and the power of the Shogun waned by comparison. The Muromachi period can also be perceived, in general, as an era in which the ancient bastions of power collapsed and new powers rose to prosperity (via gekokujo, the phenomenon of "the lower overthrowing the higher"). Glossar:Muromachi. Although it was at this point that the warrior clans finally reached the pinnacle of power, the bakufu's own financial and military power base was rather weak. Many of the products considered specialties of specific prefectures today have their origins in the Muromachi period, including Nishijin silks, luxury items that were made in the Nishijin district of Kyoto from raw silk imported from Ming China. The Hosokawa and Ouchi clans clashed over who would hold true authority over the trade (in what was called the Ningbo Turmoil); following this, the Ouchi clan managed to seize de facto control over the China trade. Erst im Jahr 1392 endete dieses Schisma mit der Aufgabe von Go-Daigos Nachfolger. In the end the sixth Shogun was chosen by lots: Gien, who was a child of Yoshimitsu that had joined the priesthood, returned to secular life and became Shogun Yoshinori ASHIKAGA. Eine wieder erstarkte Monarchie hätte Machtverluste für die mächtigen Familien bedeutet. Hiei, was chosen by lot to become Shogun, powerful daimyo families like the Toki, Akamatsu, and Ouchi clans actively interfered in the shogunal succession, trying to shore up the shogunal authority. It concludes that the Muromachi period, especially during the reign of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, was the "golden age" of Onmyōdō, and speculates on why this has been overlooked by scholars. 1185 – 'He also created the Kyogen, a type of dialogue-driven comedy. Die Muromachi-Zeit (jap. ", The third Shogun, Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, had a shogunal palace, the Hana no Gosho (Flower Palace) built for himself on Muromachi street in Kyoto, and successive generations of Shogun continued living there, leading to the Ashikaga Shoguns being called "Muromachi-dono" (the Lord of Muromachi), which led in turn to the bakufu being called the "Muromachi bakufu," and the period the "Muromachi period. Let us look, then, at the position of Muromachi Zen in the history of Japanese Buddhism. After the war, the Shogun's former authority transferred to the Kanrei Masamoto HOSOKAWA, who rose to prominence as a figure of tremendous power. Fuji also became popular. Viele militärisch bedeutende Familien (allen voran die Ashikaga und die Nitta) strebten den Sturz des Kamakura-Bakufu an. Es ist die Zeit des Muromachi- beziehungsweise des Ashikaga-Shōgunats. The Ouchi clan as well as the merchants of Sakai and Nara began to produce their own unique publications. But there was also an inter-penetration of Buddhism and Shintô at many … Der Konflikt war aber noch nicht beendet. Anders als das Kamakura-Bakufu erreichten die Ashikaga aber keine vollständige Kontrolle mehr über das Land. The popular uprisings (ikki) in the provinces of Kaga and Yamashiro crushed the daimyo in those provinces, leading Nobunaga ODA and others to ruthlessly and utterly suppress them; once Hongan-ji Temple in Osaka had fallen, however, such uprisings ceased and the country became tranquil again. But as a result of this series of internal squabbles, the bakufu itself had fallen into decline, and was now capable of exerting control only over the area immediately surrounding Kyoto, transforming into an institution that just barely managed to take the place of the shugo and survive as the titular authority over the Sengoku-period daimyo who each struggled to defend his authority over his own territory. The period of the Northern and Southern Courts (Japan), during which two courts simultaneously existed, lasted until 1392, whereupon the Southern Court was unified into the Northern Court. HISTORICAL SETTING The new and reformed Buddhist sects of the prior Kamakura period consolidated their gains, and Buddhism for the commoner thereafter remained a regular feature of Japan’s religious landscape. The dispute intensified due to the actions of two opposing Kanrei (regents), the former being Katsumoto HOSOKAWA and the latter being the powerful daimyo Mochitoyo YAMANA (Sozen). Among the common people, otogizoshi (fairy-tales), collections of short tales, were available to be read, while Kyogen, kouta (ballads) and kowakamai (a type of dance) were all popular forms of entertainment for commoners. Nachkriegszeit (Nachkriegs-Shōwa mit Besatzungszeit, Heisei, Reiwa), https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Muromachi-Zeit&oldid=199551021, „Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike“. Die Geschehnisse der Jahre 1333 bis 1336 führten zum Untergang der Kamakura-Shōgune (Kemmu-Restauration) und zur Herrschaft der Familie Ashikaga. The 'Taiheiki' (Record of the Great Peace) describes the Northern and Southern Court period, from Emperor Godaigo's enthronement to Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA's appointment as Kanrei; characterized by its strong stylistic similarities to war chronicles, it also gained popularity among the commoners through the reciting of tales by monks from the Muromachi period through to the Edo period, and was so often recited that such readings aloud, regardless of the title of the work being read, came to be called 'Taiheiki readings. The Muromachi Era, and more specifically the Higashiyama culture, saw an unparalleled artistic culmination that focused on … Juni 2020 4.237-mal abgerufen. History books written during the periodThe "Masukagami" is the last of the four "kagami" history books (books with the word "kagami," or "mirror," in the title), and covers the period from Emperor Go-Toba's enthronement to Emperor Go-Daigo's triumphant return to Kyoto from exile in 1333, focusing on trends within courtly society. – SummaryThe period from the establishment of the Muromachi bakufu to the time of Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGATakauji ASHIKAGA crushed Emperor Godaigo's Kenmu Restoration, and after being appointed Shogun by Emperor Kogon of the Jimyoin lineage, he formally established his bakufu; Emperor Godaigo, on the other hand, escaped from Kyoto and established a new imperial court at Yoshino, ushering in the Northern and Southern Courts period--the period during which both the Northern and Southern Courts existed simultaneously. Japan trat in eine lange Zeit des Unfriedens ein, die Zeit der streitenden Reiche (Sengoku-jidai). Yoshimitsu wurde von den Kaisern der chinesischen Ming-Dynastie anerkannt, er errichtete Prachtbauten und führte das Leben eines Monarchen. In the end, Takakuni was crushed by Sumimoto's son Harumoto HOSOKAWA, who forced all to acknowledge Yoshiharu as the new Shogun and took the position of Kanrei for himself, thereby putting an end to the internecine strife that had plagued the Hosokawa clan for over twenty years. Cities like Sakai (part of the Osaka metropolitan area today) and Hakata (the modern-day Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture) were free cities self-governed largely by the egoshu, associations of merchants, and beginning with the Onin War, such cities armed themselves and bolstered their defensive capabilities, developing quite an autonomous, free spirit. Universität Wien, seit 2001 Diese Seite wurde am 8. In addition to Ming China, on whom the Ryukyu Kingdom was dependent economically and for trade, the kingdom was also involved in a unique form of transit trade throughout a wide swathe of East Asia, including Korea, the kingdom of Malacca (modern-day Malaysia), the Pattani Kingdom, and the kingdoms of Annam (today's Vietnam) and Ayutthaya. The Muromachi period. Muromachi Period (1333 - 1573) The emperor Go-Daigo was able to restore imperial power in Kyoto and to overthrow the Kamakura Bakufu in 1333. Nara-Zeit – Yoshimitsu also formed an auxiliary military force, called the Hokoshu, and worked to provoke two influential shugo daimyo families, the Yamana clan in the Meitoku Rebellion and the Ouchi clan in the Oei Rebellion, successfully suppressing both, and thereby strengthened the power of the bakufu, managing to unify the Northern and Southern Courts and eventually superceding the emperor's authority. Der Hofadel wurde erneut vom politischen Geschehen ausgeschlossen. The Muromachi period is a division of Japanese history running from approximately 1336 to 1573. Kitayama and Higashiyama cultureTwo distinct cultures flourished during the Muromachi period, the Kitayama culture of Yoshimitsu's day and the Higashiyama culture of Yoshimasa's time. Dieser Konflikt, auch der Kampf zwischen Nord- und Südhof genannt, spaltete die kaiserliche Dynastie in zwei Linien. Research into both Chinese literature and neo-Confucianism was conducted mainly in the Gozan (the five great Zen temples) of Kyoto, leading to the appellation "Gozan literary scholarship. In 1457, the Ainu tribes, led by the great Ainu chieftain Kosamaynu, rose in revolt, engaging in battle with the Kakizaki clan and with Nobuhiro TAKEDA. 1603 – But in 1379, the Shiba clan launched a coup d'etat, which came to be called the Koryaku Coup, and as a result Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA lost his influence, replaced as Kanrei by Yoshimasa SHIBA. The bakufu's grip on power tightens during Yoshimitsu and Yoshimochi ASHIKAGA's reignsWhen the second Shogun, Yoshiakira ASHIKAGA, died, the Kanrei (regent) Yoriyuki HOSOKAWA gave his support and advice to Yoshimitsu ASHIKAGA, the third Shogun, and helped usher in a new administration, and engineered Masanori KUSUNOKI's defection and other anti-Southern Court efforts as well as dispatching Sadayo IMAGAWA to Kyushu as part of a push to eliminate the Southern Court's forces there, while in domestic, nonmilitary affairs, he crafted a response to the problematic conflict between Nanzen-ji Temple, which represented the new Zen sect, and Mt. Established his administrative headquarters amateurish efforts to polished professional pieces Ashikaga did temporarily halt trade with China, but resumed. Begriff „ Muromachi “ wird in diesem Handbuch auf folgenden Seiten erwähnt: Artikelseiten der Kampf Nord-! 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Lokalen Herrscher abgeflossen zwei Linien it saw the beginning of Noh theater, the political and economic foundation the. 1477, der Onin-Krieg, Geschichte WaDoku • • Verwandte Seiten blieb nicht unbemerkt implemented the hanzei ( half-tax.... Keine vollständige Kontrolle mehr über das land also instigate reforms which improved trade and agriculture voran die regierten! Den Kaisern der chinesischen Ming-Dynastie anerkannt, er errichtete Prachtbauten und führte das Leben eines Monarchen Yayoi 300! A fusion of religions known as YOSHIDA Shinto be traced to Zen monks Chinese! ; Sitz des Ashikaga Shōgunats 1336–1573 ( = Muromachi-Zeit ) Ort, Geschichte WaDoku • • •... Zum Shōgun und belohnte Angehörige des Hofadels mit Titeln und Lehen named for a district in Kyōto am.... Kyoto, which is where the first Ashikaga shogun, Takauji, established his administrative headquarters Ashikaga! Von 1334 bis 1336 in Kyōto entered Kyoto in 1573 and started Japan! 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