Women played a large role in education reform. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. By helping others, they asserted their worth while at the same time alleviating social ills. Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. The early nineteenth century was a time of great reform in the United States. \quad\text{Total Intangibles}& \$ 1,875,000 &\$ 2,000,000\\ The era of reform was born in part from religious reformation: the charge to seek perfection, live a righteous life, and to help redeem sinners spread beyond church and camp meeting. Unlike other reform movements, womens rights challenged the notion of separate spheres and the idea of true womanhood. Historians Ellen Carol DuBois and Lynn Dumenil argue that womens rights challenged the most basic idea of true womanhoodthe selfless nature of womenbecause womens rights advocacy led women to insist that they had the same claim on individual rights to life, liberty, property, and happiness as men. The work to achieve the vote made no substantive progress in the antebellum period. \quad\text{Total Current Assets}& \$ 2,925,000 &\$ 2,400,000\\ 14 A New Birth Of Freedom, Give Me Liberty Ch. The LibreTexts libraries arePowered by NICE CXone Expertand are supported by the Department of Education Open Textbook Pilot Project, the UC Davis Office of the Provost, the UC Davis Library, the California State University Affordable Learning Solutions Program, and Merlot. -The Owenites originated in Britain and that practice made its way to Indiana, which makes it international in scope because it aimed to spread the ideas of this society around the world. The antebellum women participated in the public sphere with their own groups that they made themselves after being excluded from government and politics. \text{Sales}&& \$13,920,000\\ All over the country, African Americans joined the Baptist, Methodist, and other churches, in part as a response to the message of spiritual equality. The temperance movement stemmed in part from new social conditions such as increasing urbanization immigration. Education would "equalize the conditions of men.". A man could divorce his wife should she commit adultery but a woman could not divorce her husband on grounds of adultery. "gentlemen of property and standing" (p. 453). Finally, asylums were established for treatment and housing the mentally ill. Dorothea Lynde Dix was instrumental in the reform effort that established state mental asylums. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the women's rights movement. a. Many mentally ill individuals eventually ended up imprisoned as well, as no facilities for the treatment of the mentally ill existed. Throughout the country, preachers like Peter Cartwright and Charles Grandison Finney created such excitement with their sermons that their audiences became excessive and downright wild. All true Christians, according to Finney, should aim at being holy and not rest satisfied till they are as perfect as God. The religious music and hymns written during the era also helped draw crowds to the revivals; they appealed the common individual by using familiar melodies from popular music and featured folk instruments that many could play, such as the fiddle. \text{Total Current Liabilities}& \$ 2,430,000 &\$ 1,800,000\\ The end of slavery would come about gradually under this ideal. The years after the War of 1812 brought a re-examination of American religious beliefs and their roles in society. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. \text{General Corporate Expenses} &&420,000\\ What were the major goals of antebellum reform? \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. \quad\text{Preferred Stock)}&& \$ 2.20\\ \text{Other Current Liabilities}& 460,000 &200,000\\ The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust Horrified, she worked to publicize the conditions of the jail and gain public support for its improvement. In 1834, middle-class women in New York City organized the Female Moral Reform Society, which sought to redeem prostitutes from lives of sin and to protect the morality of single women. Many of his followers sold their worldly goods and gathered either in churches or in fields to await the arrival of Jesus. Many Americans found this radical notion of racial equality and the call to end these restrictive laws intimidating or even frightening. The temperance movement and organizations had more than a million supporters who enthusiastically held rallies and distributed pamphlets on the evils of demon rum. By the 1860s, their efforts had indeed slowed, but certainly did not stop, the average Americans consumption of alcohol. So they want to stay in the United States. Antebellum Convention Movement The antebellum convention movement consisted of a series of national, regional, and state conventions held by blacks in North America on an irregular basis from 1830 to 1861. TEMPERANCE. Whiskey was a frontier staple for generations because it preserved the harvest; in 1791, a Hamiltonian attempt to tax whiskey to alleviate the national debt resulted in the Whiskey Rebellion. Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. What is the difference between the waterfall approach and agile project management? For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. Complete the given sentence: Cross-price elasticity of demand measures how ___. \text{Amortization of Patent} &&125,000\\ In late August of 1831, Turner and his followers launched the rebellion. Many women had greater freedom of expression in the church, but far fewer were granted leadership roles and authority. Was used as an avenue to social advancement and was shared by the early labor movement, which made the establishment of common schools one of its goals. \quad\text{Total Expenses}&& \$11,720,000\\ What were the diverse sources of the antebellum women's rights movement? \text{Less: Dividends on Preferred Shares}&&(120,000)\\ \text{Equity in Earnings of Affiliates:}\\ Women formed a large part of the membership of the Society and the movement, and they were seen by many as the American voice of morality. The Seneca Falls Convention was an important beginning to the womens rights movement and became the basis for the organization of annual conventions to support and develop the movement in years to come. Historian James Sidbury has argued that Vesey and his conspirators sought to build their liberation movement through their access to books and their skill in interpreting them. The most important of these texts by far was the Bible; Vesey and church leaders argued that the Bible did not sanction slavery or command obedience from slaves. The Church of Later-Day Saints proved to be a lasting and successful alternative vision to the Second Great Awakening of antebellum America. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. By the 1850s, far more Americans were regular churchgoers than at the turn of the century. \text{Basic Earnings per Common Share (Based on 1,600,000} \\ Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. The antebellum reform movements came soon after the market revolution. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. \text{Accounts Receivable (Net of Estimated Uncollectibles}\\ \text{Deferred Tax Liability} &\$ 1,570,000 &\$ 1,400,000\\ After the rebellion, white authorities took measures to limit the threat of literate black congregations to the institution of slavery throughout the South. The Unitarian movement spread through many of the Congregationalist churches of the area. What are the other consequences? Though many experienced the Second Great Awakening through revivals, others heard the message through the ministry of circuit-riding preachers. In Appalachia and the South, the Second Great Awakening brought a sense of community and provided entertainment in isolated rural and frontier areas. The difference were common school and institution was open to all children and were getting educated, a free training for individuals. Walker stood as a vocal opponent of colonization, saying that the United States belonged more to African Americans than to whites, because the black population had earned the country with their blood and tears.. 2 One reform in particular that has shaped human rights and rehabilitation is the Prison and Asylum Reforms of the 1830s. It provided a leading voice for abolition, in part through the publication of its newspaper, The National Anti-Slavery Standard. Moreover, her reports on jails also aided in the efforts to reform prisons. Such music remained after the revival and itinerant preacher were long gone. Give Me Liberty Ch. "The Antebellum reforms was a new, more radical anti-slavery movement that emerged by the early 1830s. This message of freedom was most clearly expressed in its associations with slave rebellions. - common school and institutions were open to all children (free training for individuals). (Problem 10), REVENUESSales$13,920,000GainonSaleofMachineryandEquipment200,000EquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporation$1,800,000RosenwaldCompany125,000HutchinsonCompany75,0002,000,000TotalRevenues$16,120,000EXPENSESCostofGoodsSold$5,000,000EmployeePayrollExpense3,000,000DepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRights1,000,000AmortizationofPatent125,000BadDebtExpense120,000InterestExpense455,000GeneralCorporateExpenses420,000IncomeTaxesCurrent1,430,000IncomeTaxesDeferred170,000TotalExpenses$11,720,000NetIncome$4,400,000Less:DividendsonPreferredShares(120,000)DividendsonCommonShares(2,080,000)IncreaseinRetainedEarnings$2,200,000RetainedEarnings,December31,20122,800,000RetainedEarnings,December31,2013$5,000,000BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)$2.68DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$2.20\begin{array}{lrr} Retained Earnings for 2013 Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. Moreover, they said, white preachers professed a different message to white and black congregations. Antebellum reform was international in scope . Her body, her possessions (Except personal items), her children. Published in 1845, Fuller sought to apply to women the transcendentalist idea that freedom meant a quest for personal development. Slaves faced arbitrary power abuses from whites; they coped by creating family and community . American reformers believed that their country was destined to become a great democracy. Many kinds of Americans worked in the reform movement, and membership in some movements overlapped. Finney also protested against slavery from the pulpit, and became active in the abolitionist movement. By the 1790s, these two churches were gaining great popularity in the United States. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakening's basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. The American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS) (1833-1870) was an abolitionist society founded by William Lloyd Garrison, and Arthur Tappan. At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. The Antebellum Period in American history is generally considered to be the period before the Civil War and after the War of 1812, although some historians expand it to all the years from the adoption of the Constitution in 1789 to the beginning of the Civil War. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. Garrison was militant in his call for immediate and complete emancipation as a moral imperative. Abolitionism was perhaps the most radical of the reform movements of the era. The White Americans still wanted public white only area. Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. Transatlantic cooperation galvanized efforts to reform individuals' and societies' relationships to alcohol, labor, religion, education, commerce, and land ownership. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. For example, as Frederick Douglass rose to prominence as an orator in the abolitionist movement, he began speaking not only of his life as a slave, but also analyzing abolitionist policies. Moreover, the rising numbers of immigrants in the northeast combined with near-universal white male suffrage convinced cities and states that education was essential to maintain a democracy. In western New York, revival movements inspired many new religious sects as well as social reform. Seneca Falls Convention, 1848. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. The most successful denominations of the Second Great Awakening were the Methodist and Baptist churches. The account spoke at length of Turners religiously informed views of slavery and of his interpretations of the Bible. Through these moral reform societies, churches hoped to change society by putting individuals on the path to righteousness. This reform impulse captured one of the Second Great Awakenings basic messages: humanity could be improved, and indeed, perfected through religion and reform. Its roots lay in the revivals of the Second Great Awakening, where religious reformers called for individuals to lead clean lives and to redeem their sinning neighbors. December 31 \quad\text{Total Liabilities and Shareholders Equity}& \$20,000,000 &\$17,000,000\\ What were the different varieties of abolitionism? Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. He planned his revivals in great detail as a kind of popular spectacle as well as an event that inspired religious reform. William Miller, a Baptist convert and editor of the Advent Herald, preached that October 22, 1844 would be the date of the Second Coming, basing his predictions on Biblical prophecy. Reformers' definition of the free individual was the person who internalized the practice of self-control. Yet for the slave and free black communities, the movements message inspired several rebellions as a call to freedom. No Preference Which of the following is not a component of stockholders equity? The amendment was passed after years of efforts by temperance societies throughout the country. \text{Interest Expense} &&455,000\\ The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. The Antebellum Era was the first of four major reform periods in American history. American reformers also sought to implement school reform. Two of the most significant reform movements to come out of the reform period of 1820-1840 were the anti-slavery movement and the womens rights movement. The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. This area came to be called the Burned-Over District due to the fires of religious zeal that had burned so bright that it consumed all available spiritual fuel in the region. The similarities and differences between the common school and institution like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers are the similarities were the intent to remake human beings into free, morally upright citizens and shared with communitarians and religious believers. \text{Patent}& \$ 750,000 &\$ 875,000\\ In 1821, the ACS helped to establish the colony of Liberia on the west coast of Africa and assisted some 13,000 slaves and free blacks to emigrate to the colony. Other important politicians, including James Madison and Abraham Lincoln, favored repatriation rather than emancipation. The first, in which . Additional information is as follows: Veseys plan called for teams of rebels to attack targets such as the arsenal and guardhouse. \text{Retained Earnings, December 31, 2013}&& \$ 5,000,000\\ - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. 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What were the major tactics of antebellum reform? What is your opinion on this question: "Should the national government distribute money to states with "no strings attached," or should the grant have stipulations?" "In the history of the world," Ralph Waldo Emerson declared in 1841, "the doctrine of Reform had never such scope as at the present hour." Not much a joiner of causes himself, Emerson had in mind a remarkable flowering of reform movements from roughly 1815 until the Civil War that were striking to observers at the time and to historians ever since for their energy, variety, and . (2) The bonds payable have a maturity (face) value of $4 million. Although neither group saw their causes ultimate goals achieved during the era of reform, each movement saw great advances. A lot of the slaves that was born in the America have never even been to Africa. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. 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to what degree was antebellum reform international in scope